Muslim Prayer and a European Observer’s Opinion
A Scene of Quiet Worship The writer continues describing the way Muslims prayed, especially in the Ottoman Empire. He says […]
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The Founder Ibrahim Edhem and His Followers
The Founder of the Order The original founder of this religious order was a man named Ibrahim Edhem. His followers
Devotion and Religious Practice
Among certain religious sects in the Ottoman Empire, some followers spend entire nights bent toward the ground, reciting prayers and
Preaching and the Rise of a False Prophet
After gathering his followers, Bedredm instructed them thoroughly in the principles of his new religion. He sent them out as
The Harsh Edicts Against Christians
After Mahomet’s power grew, his edicts toward Christians became strict and violent. These orders encouraged war, bloodshed, and the enslavement
The Importance of Skilled Interpreters
One of the biggest challenges for ambassadors in the Ottoman Empire was that most interpreters were born subjects of the
Cesare Borgia and the Rule of Romagna
When Cesare Borgia wanted to secure control over the region of Romagna, which he had recently conquered, he used a