Washing and Prayer
Washing After Personal Needs The third type of washing described in the original text is called Taharet. This washing is […]
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The Discipline and Rituals of the Kadri Dervishes
The Beginning of Religious Training Those who entered this religious order were required to pass through a period of strict
Atheism Among the Turks
In this chapter, we will describe the various religions and sects among the Turks. It is not our main purpose
Exposure to Disease and Fearlessness
The Turks’ belief in predestination and fate greatly influences how they respond to contagious diseases, including the plague. Because they
Courtesy and Protection
Muslims are commanded to treat Christians with courtesy and respect. They must avoid any oppression, violence, or unfair treatment. Christians
Treatment of German Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, even the most respected ambassadors were not always treated according to European standards of diplomacy. Representatives
Greed and Sudden Wealth
When we consider all these circumstances together, we can better understand the condition of the Ottoman government. Many of the