The Importance of Concentration During Prayer
Complete Attention to Worship The original writer explains that Muslims should give their full attention to prayer. According to the […]
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Initiation Rituals and the Kadri Order
The Initiation of New Members Those who wished to join this religious order were required to complete a period of
The Spread of a Dangerous Doctrine
This poisonous doctrine has spread widely in Constantinople. It has reached even the Seraglio, the palace of the Sultan, and
Sects and Heresies Among the Turks
It is commonly believed that there are seventy-two sects among the Turks, though the actual number is probably higher. The
Voluntary Marriage and Freedom of Choice
Marriage must always be voluntary. A bride or groom cannot be forced into marriage against their will. The decision to
The Turkish View of Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, the Turks did not make distinctions between different types of foreign representatives. Whether a person was
Greater Security for Trade and Property
The special rule requiring written proof brought great safety to trade and to the estates of merchants. Before this protection,