Disagreements between Religious Sects
Opponents of the Mu‘tazilites In the history of Islamic theology, many groups argued about the nature of God and His […]
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Qualifications of the Emaums
The Emaums, or local parish priests, must meet certain basic requirements before they can serve in their office. First, they
The Turks’ Attitude Toward Alliances with Foreign Princes
Religious Beliefs and Their Influence According to this old text, the Turks were believed to look at alliances with foreign
The Influence of Turkish Fashion
A wise observer noted how Greek and Armenian Christians often imitate Turkish clothing and customs. They try to look as
The Marriage Ceremony of a Sultana
In the Ottoman court, the marriage between a Pasha and a Sultana followed a special and formal ceremony. Everything was
Ancient Description of the Sarmatians
Ancient writers described the Sarmatians, who are often connected with the Tatars, as brave and powerful horsemen. A Latin historian
The Origin of the Office of the First Vizier
The first clear example in history of the office of the First Vizier can be found during the reign of
Increase in Pay and Advancement
As the pages advanced in rank and responsibility, their pay and daily allowance also increased. At first, they received only
The Fear of the Young Sultan
When the danger became clear, the Grand Signior, who was still a child, broke down in fear and sorrow. He
Reflections on Absolute Power in the Turkish State
The Nature of Absolute Authority When I seriously consider the structure of the Turkish government, I am struck by the