The customs-house at Sofia has become one of the most important points for Bulgaria’s land exports. During the three periods under review, the exports through Sofia were as follows:
First period (1890–1894): 1.42% of total exports, 5.03% of land exports
Second period (1895–1899): 4.05% of total exports, 18.44% of land exports
Last period (1900–1904): 7.63% of total exports, 28.53% of land exports
The large increase in exports through Sofia is mainly due to the development of the egg trade, which in recent years has been almost entirely transported via the Sofia–Tzaribrod route. Another contributing factor is the growth in the export of animal waste products, which have increasingly used this route for shipment.
Exports by Land Through Plovdiv
The customs-house at Plovdiv ranks next in importance for land exports. Its share of exports during the three periods was:
First period: 3.36% of total exports, 11.89% of land exports
Second period: 3.31% of total exports, 15.08% of land exports
Last period: 6.18% of total exports, 23.11% of land exports
The increase in Plovdiv’s share is partly due to political instability in Macedonia and the Adrianople vilayet, which caused a diversion of trade from the border customs points to the Plovdiv–Harmanly railway line. From there, goods were shipped to Constantinople, Adrianople, and Dede Agatch, a route considered safer and more reliable than the older paths.
Factors Influencing Land Exports
Overall, the growth of exports through Sofia and Plovdiv reflects the changing patterns in Bulgarian trade. Railways became increasingly important in moving goods safely and efficiently. The egg trade and animal waste products were key commodities driving the growth in Sofia, while political disruptions in neighboring regions boosted Plovdiv’s role Private Tour Guide Ephesus.
These developments show that Bulgaria adapted its trade routes to meet market demands and ensure security, shifting from traditional border customs points to well-connected railway lines and central customs-houses.