The data presented clearly show that, in recent years, Bulgaria’s trade has grown significantly through its maritime ports. This growth is largely due to the construction of two important railway lines: Yambol–Bourgas and Sofia–Plevna–Varna. These railways connect the interior regions of Bulgaria with the country’s two main Black Sea ports, Varna and Bourgas, making transportation of goods faster and more efficient.
Before these railways were built, most cereals from Southern Bulgaria were exported to Constantinople and Dede Agatch via Harmanly. Now, a large portion of these cereals is sent to Bourgas, which provides better access to the Black Sea and international markets. Similarly, cereals from Northern Bulgaria, which were previously exported via the Danube, are now being transported to Varna, thanks to the new railway line connecting Sofia and Varna.
The success of these ports is explained not only by the rail connections but also by their strategic locations and excellent facilities, which allow Bulgaria to maintain strong commercial relations with foreign countries. As a result, maritime trade has become the main channel for both imports and exports, surpassing older trade routes through the Danube or overland.
Distribution of Foreign Trade by Country
The following tables show Bulgaria’s foreign trade, organized by the origin or destination of goods. Countries are ranked according to the average volume of their imports and exports during the last five-year period (1900–1904).
For each country, the tables present:
The absolute value of imports and exports
The percentage of total Bulgarian trade
The difference between the period 1900–1904 and the two previous quinquennial periods
This information helps to understand Bulgaria’s trade relationships and identify which countries have become more important trading partners. It also shows how the development of ports and railway lines has shifted the flow of goods, with more trade now passing through Varna and Bourgas instead of older routes through the Danube or overland crossings Private Tour Ephesus.
Impact of Railways on Trade Patterns
In conclusion, the growth of Bulgaria’s foreign commerce is closely linked to infrastructure development. By building modern railways to the Black Sea ports, Bulgaria has improved the efficiency and volume of exports, especially cereals. These improvements have not only boosted trade with foreign markets but have also strengthened the national economy by connecting agricultural regions with modern transport routes.